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Biomonitoring and toxicological assessment of Ochratoxin A and Citrinin in a sex-gender perspective: The OTABioTox Project
Abstract
Introduction. Ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) are toxic compounds produced by fungi that may contaminate a variety of food, posing significant health risks, particularly following chronic exposure. OTA, a potent nephrotoxin, is widely present in cereals, dried fruits, coffee and animal-derived products; CIT, which often co-occurs with OTA, also exhibits nephrotoxic effects.
Methodology. This project aims to evaluate the exposure to OTA and CIT in adults and children of both sexes, and in breastfeeding women, and to investigate OTA toxicological effects using a juvenile animal model. The biomonitoring study analyzed OTA and CIT in urine, and OTA in breast milk. It also involved the evaluation of biomarkers of effect and the administration of food frequency questionnaires to assess dietary intake. The toxicological study employed an innovative animal model to identify early biomarkers of renal and endocrine effects and to elucidate OTA’s mechanisms of action.
Results. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of risk characterization and support the development of public health strategies aimed at minimizing OTA and CIT exposure.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Istituto Superiore di Sanità
How to Cite
Coppola, L., Scialò, G., Debegnach, F., Frustagli, G., Iacovelli, V., Lori, G., Grieco, M. E., Maranghi , F., Tammaro, A., Tassinari, R., Fabbrizi, E., Di Matteo, P., Ciferri, L., Dolci, M., Gigli, B., Di Stasio, A., Murri, B., Toffol, G., Ciccotosto, A., Callegari, M., Guarnieri, M., Pasinato, A., De Santis, B., & La Rocca, C. (2026). Biomonitoring and toxicological assessment of Ochratoxin A and Citrinin in a sex-gender perspective: The OTABioTox Project. Annali dell’Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 62(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.4415/ANN_26_01_06
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